Types of Diabetes

TYPE OF DIABETES :

TYPE 1

•       In type 1 diabetes mellitus,characterised by the insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas leading to insulin deficiency is loss. The majority of type 1 diabetes is of the immune-mediated nature, where beta cell loss is a T-cell mediated autoimmune attack by the body itself, and is rendered incapable of making insulin.

•       The patient with type 1 diabetes must rely on exogenously administered insulin for         survival.

•        Patients with type 1 diabetes in the blood can be found a variety of autoimmune antibodies, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD antibodies), islet cell antibody (ICA antibodies) and so on. These abnormal antibodies can damage the body's own insulin secretion of insulin B cells, so that should not normally secrete insulin. This phenomenon happened because the GAD antibodies or ICA antibodies have the similarities with the protein bacterial that will provoc autoimmune attack to the beta cells. The pancreas will damage and no insulin can be produce. So,diabetes type 1 occur.

TYPE 2

·         Type 2 diabetes is the most common type and usually occur to obese people.

·         Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance which may be combined with relatively reduced insulin secretion. The defective responsiveness of body tissues to insulin is believed to involve the insulin receptor.

·         In the early stage of type 2 diabetes, the predominant abnormality is reduced insulin sensitivity. At this stage hyperglycemia can be reversed by a variety of measures and medications that improve insulin sensitivity or reduce glucose production by the liver. As the disease progresses, the impairment of insulin secretion occurs, and therapeutic replacement of insulin may sometimes become necessary in certain patients.

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)

·         Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs in non-diabetic women during pregnancy.

·         It is any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy or late in pregnancy. This form of diabetes usually disappears after the birth of the baby.

·         GDM occur because the placenta will produce a wide range of fetal growth for growth hormones, these hormones on the healthy growth of the fetus is very important, but it can block the body's insulin-mother role, so trigger diabetes. Some of the mother did not get the gestational diabetes because the fetus helps to produce an extra insulin so that the glucose can be convert to glucagon.